The close analogy between geometrical optics and the classical theories of charged particle beam optics have been known for a very long time. In the case of a charged particle beam, the particles will be accelerated or decelerated, and the trajectory will depend on the angle of incidence with respect to the equipotential surfaces of the. Applied charged particle optics helmut liebl springer. Applied charged particle optics helmut liebl download. These fields bend charged particle orbits in a manner analogous to the bending of light rays by shaped glass lenses. Home of the charged particle optics software worldbeating programs for solving 2 and 3dimensional electrostatic problem the boundary element method, bem, deals with surface charges and has many advantages over the methods used in almost all other commercial programs. The emphasis of this article is on the common fundamentals and techniques on which the wide variety of different beam. Chapter 2 motion of charged particles in fields plasmas are complicated because motions of electrons and ions are determined by the electric and magnetic.
The topics discussed include gaussian optics and transfer matrices, general relations for the motion of charged particles in electromagnetic fields, and quadrupole lenses. Chapter 2 language of aberration expansions in charged particle optics. Charged particle optics software package for designing. Home of the charged particle optics software electron optics. The newest edition of a bestseller, the handbook of charged particle optics, second edition provides essential background information for the design and operation of high resolution focused probe instruments. The difference between the spf of a charged spherical particle and the spf of an uncharged spherical sphere is related to the surface conductivity, particle size parameter, frequency of the electromagnetic em waves, and refractive. Electric and magnetic field lenses the subject of charged particle optics is introduced in this chapter. Hamiltonian for the charged particle in a static magnetic field m rest mass. Munoz references introduction equations of motion matricial optics o. Fundamentals of charged particle optics in high energy accelerator systems u. It should give the reader the necessary background to. Today, modern applications based on charged particle optics span a wide range of instruments and. This series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices especially semiconductor devices, particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science and digital image processing, electromagnetic. Assumptions and approximations are clearly indicated.
Applied charged particle optics begins by introducing electrostatic lenses and fields used for acceleration, focussing and deflection of ions or electrons. In recent years, quantum theories of chargedparticle beam optics have been presented with the very expected feature of wavelengthdependent e. There is an analogue of snells law for chargedparticle optics v 1 sin. Fundamentals of charged particle optics in high energy. Osa scattering phase function of a charged spherical particle.
A charged particle moving in a uniform magnetic field. The author has in one volume provided uptodate coverage of the majority of fundamental theoretical topics relevant to the optics of lowcurrent chargedparticle beams. Charged particle optics integrated engineering software. Pdf handbook of charged particle optics, 2nd edition. Materials science research uses these same tools of physics and. This reference monograph covers all theoretical aspects of modern geometrical charged particle optics. The scientific instrumentation unit of the sam department focuses on the development of scientific instruments based on charged particle beams dedicated to nanoanalysis, nanoimaging and nanomachining. Applied charged particle optics helmut liebl applied charged particle optics with 124 figures 123 dr. The cpo softwares core function is the calculation of electrostaticmagnetic fields and the trajectories of charged particles through those fields, a bit like simion. Handbook of charged particle optics crc press book. Electron optics home of the charged particle optics software. Bradley, charged particle radiation induced changes to optical properties of acoustooptic materials, appl.
In recent years, quantum theories of chargedparticle beam optics have been presented with the very expected feature of wavelengthdependent effects. Brown, a first and secondorder matrix theory for the design of beam transport systems and charged particle. Several applications of sofem in charged particle optics will also be illustrated, such as the simulation of electrostatic and magnetic lenses and deflectors, the modelling of electron and ion sources, and the evaluation of high. Notice this physics textbook is designed to support my personal teaching activities at duke university, in particular teaching its physics 141142, 151152, or. Chapter 2 particle motion in electric and magnetic fields considering e and b to be given, we study the trajectory of particles under the in. Charged particle optics wikibooks, open books for an open world. Charged particle optics software package for designing chargedparticle optical systems. Develops material from first principles, basic equations and theorems in a systematic way. Banford, the transport of charged particle beams, spon 1966 15 karl l. The variation of the potential and its derivative along the optical axis as a function of the x position for a threeelement einzel lens. The concern is the control of the transverse motion of particles by shaped electric and magnetic fields. Brown, a first and secondorder matrix theory for the design of beam transport systems and charged.
Download pdf focusing of charged particles free online. References introduction to charged particle optics. Advances in electronics and electron physics, by septier, supplement a isbn 9780120145737 ship for free. Course outline final september 30, 20 cpots 20 charged. It is intended as a guide for researchers, who are involved in the design of electron optical instruments and beamguiding systems for charged particles, and as a tutorial for graduate students seeking a. Roesler department of physics university of wisconsin madison, wisconsin edition 1999 edited by murray a. Orloff article pdf available in contemporary physics 514. With the current development of nontraditional prescriptions of helmholtz. Single particle trajectories in each case single particle motion in magnetic.
The author has in one volume provided uptodate coverage of the majority of fundamental theoretical topics relevant to the optics of lowcurrent charged particle beams. For a particle moving in the zdirection, the xdeviation is given by. Applied charged particle optics begins by introducing the electrostatic lenses and fields used for acceleration, focussing and deflection of ions or electrons. He has had a chair in charged particle optics since 1989, heading a group with three permanent scientific staff, five technical staff and on average eight phd students. Advances in imaging and electron physics, volume 157 1st. For now we shall ignore the second part of the problem and assume that fields are prescribed. Compton vc two particles inside v c are indistinguishable, or in other words are in the same coherent state. However, cpo differs fundamentally in its more powerful and accurate methods of calculation boundary element method, and it offers welltested spacecharge, cathode emission. Our researchers have developed charged particle optics cpo software, which is now established as the gold standard for modelling lowenergy chargeparticle optics. Scattering phase function of a charged spherical particle. This is a trajectory calculation module that is added to any of our field analysis programs, or combinations thereof.
Although particle accelerators are the books main thrust, it offers a broad synoptic description of beams which applies to a wide range of other devices such as lowenergy focusing and transport systems and highpower microwave sources. With the current development of nontraditional prescriptions of helmholtz and maxwell optics. Advances in imaging and electron physics merges two longrunning serialsadvances in electronics and electron physics and advances in optical and electron microscopy. With the growing proliferation of nanotechnologies, powerful imaging technologies are being developed to operate at the subnanometer scale. Osa charged particle radiation induced changes to optical. Energy particles emittance exercises equation of motion the basic equation of motion of a charged particle in a electromagnetic. This book provides a detailed analysis of the principles of the laws of propagation of beams. Electron optics is a mathematical framework for the calculation of electron trajectories along electromagnetic fields. Geometrical charged particle optics describes controlling of charged particle trajectories in electric magnetic fields in order to design some useful devices. The close analogy between geometrical optics and the classical theories of chargedparticle beam optics have been known for a very long time.
Subsequent chapters give detailed descriptions of electrostatic deflection elements, uniform and nonuniform magnetic sector fields, image aberrations, and, finally, fringe field confinement. Studying charged particle optics institute of physics. Coordinate system and hamiltonian coordinate system. In recent years, quantum theories of charged particle. Liebl has just published applied charged particle optics 11, in which the emphasis is on electrostatic lenses and condensers and magnetic sector fields with a chapter on applications. Geometrical chargedparticle optics harald rose springer. The sector field lenses, charged particle beams and phase space, and particle beams in periodic structures are also elaborated. The major emphasis is on calculating static electric and magnetic fields, particle trajectories, and images formed in systems with linear arrays of electric and magnetic lenses.
Subsequent chapters give detailed descriptions of electrostatic deflection elements, uniform and nonuniform magnetic section fields, image aberrations, and, finally, fringe field. Particle accelerator school winter 2008 mike syphers, arden warner fermilab. Research in applied physics is built on the foundations of quantum mechanics, statistical physics, electromagnetic theory, mechanics, and advanced mathematics. The difference between the spf of a charged spherical particle and the spf of an uncharged spherical sphere is related to the surface conductivity, particle size parameter, frequency of the electromagnetic em waves. The term optics is used because magnetic and electrostatic lenses act upon a charged particle beam similarly to optical lenses upon a light beam. Focusing of charged particles, volume ii presents the aspects of particle optics, including the electron, the ion optical domains, and the accelerator field. Along with the qualitative description of the basic building blocks of charged particle beam optics, enough selected references to monographs and research. Assuming an advanced undergraduatelevel understanding of calculus, this book follows a logical progression, with each concept building upon the preceding. This wikibook will try to explain principles of charged particle optics. This reference monograph covers all theoretical aspects of modern geometrical chargedparticle optics. Handbook of charged particle optics, 2nd edition, edited by j.
The applied product catalog is available for desktop, tablet or smartphone. Home of the charged particle optics software worldbeating programs for solving 2 and 3dimensional electrostatic problem the boundary element method, bem, deals with surface charges and has many advantages over the methods. It is intended as a guide for researchers, who are involved in the design of electron optical instruments and beamguiding systems for charged particles, and as a tutorial for graduate students seeking a comprehensive treatment. Pdf download geometrical charged particle optics free. Acceleratorbased sources of coherent terahertz radiation ucsc, santa rosa ca, january 2125, 2008 the coherence volume for particles radiation by charged particles. In recent years, quantum theories of charged particle beam optics have been presented with the very expected feature of wavelengthdependent effects.
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